Semester 2

Unit Review Sheet

Facts and Definitions

Lesson 1: Long Vowels a and i with Silent e

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• Silent e has many jobs. One of its most important jobs is to make a vowel say its name, as in "late" and "note."

Lesson 2: Long Vowels o, u, and e with Silent e

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Lesson 3: Hard and Soft c and g

• The letter c makes two sounds: the hard sound as in "cat" and "crop" (/k/ sound) and the soft sound as in "cent" and "city" (/s/ sound). C is hard when it's followed by a, o, u, or a consonant. It's soft when it's followed by e, i, or y.
• The letter g makes two sounds: the hard sound as in "get" and "goat" (/g/) and the soft sound as in "giraffe" and "gem" (/j/). G is hard when it's followed by a, o, u, or a consonant. It's soft when it's followed by e, i, or y.

Lesson 4: More R-Controlled Vowels (er, ir, or, ur)

• The letter r can change the way the vowel before it is pronounced. For example, the i in "sit" is pronounced differently than the i in "sir."

Lesson 5: Long a Spellings ai, ay

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• The letter combinations ai and ay make the long a sound.
• The vowel blend ai comes in the middle of words.
• The blend ay comes at the end of words.

Lesson 6: Long e Spellings ee, ey, ea

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite." Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• The letter combinations ee, ea, and ey make the long e sound.
• The vowel blends ee and ea are common spellings of long e and can be found in the middle or at the end of words.
• The blend ey is less common as a long e sound and usually comes at the end of words.

Lesson 7: Long i Spellings y, igh, ie

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• The letters y, igh, and ie make the long i sound.
• The long i spelling using the letter y comes at the end of words.

Lesson 8: Long o Spellings ow, oa, oe

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• The letter combinations ow, oa, and oe make the long o sound.
• The vowel blend oa comes in the middle of words.
• The blends ow and oe usually come at the end of words.

Lesson 9: Long u Spellings ue, ew, ou

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• The letter combinations ue, ew, and ou make the long u sound.
• The vowel blend ou usually comes in the middle of words.
• The blends ue and ew usually come at the end of words.

Lesson 10: Other Long Vowel Patterns

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.
• Some single vowel spellings (ild, ind, ost, old, olt) are irregular because they have long vowel sounds when normally a single vowel in a word is short.

Lesson 11: Long Vowel Sounds Review

• Long vowel sounds say the letter names, as in /ā/ in "cake" and /ī/ in "kite."
• Long vowel sounds can be spelled in different ways.

Lesson 12: Other Vowel Sounds oi, oy

• Some vowel sounds are neither short nor long.
• Rhyming words are often spelled the same way.
• The vowel blends oi and oy sound the same and make neither a short nor a long vowel sound. Both blends begin like long o and then end like long e as in "foil" and "boy."
• The vowel blend oi is usually in the middle of a word.
• The vowel blend oy is usually at the end of a word.

Lesson 13: Other Vowel Sounds ou, ow

• Some vowel sounds are neither short nor long.
• The vowel blends ou and ow sound the same and make neither a short nor a long vowel sound. Both blends make the ending vowel sound in "how," represented by /ou/.
• The vowel blend ou is usually in the middle of a word and is often followed by t or d.
• The vowel blend ow has two sounds, can be found in the middle or at the end of a word, or is often followed by l or n.

Lesson 14: Other Vowel Sounds aw, au

• Rhyming words are often spelled the same way.
• The vowel blends aw and au sound the same and make the short o sound.
• The vowel blend aw can come in the middle or at the end of a word and often comes before a single consonant.
• The vowel blend au never comes at the end of a word and is often followed by two or more letters.

Lesson 15: These Make More Than One Sound: oo and ea

• The vowel blend oo makes two sounds: the long u sound as in "soon" and the vowel sound in "foot."
• The vowel blend ea makes three sounds: the long e sound in "read," the short e sound in "head," and the long a sound in "steak."

Lesson 16: Silent Starts: kn, wr, gn

• Words that start with kn, wr, and gn, like "know," "write," and "gnat," begin with a silent consonant.

Lesson 17: Year-End Review

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